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FreeBSD jails allow users to run multiple, isolated instances of FreeBSD on a single server. Iocage simplifies the management of FreeBSD Jails.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS-level_virtualization
The jails will be configured to bind to an IP address on the jail host's internal network. The host OS will pass traffic from the external network to the jail.
The jails will be managed with Iocage. Iocage uses ZFS properties to store configuration data for each jail, so a ZFS file system is required.
These steps will:
PF is full featured firewall, and can do more than just pass traffic to an internal network. Refer to the PF documentation for additional configuration options.
sysrc cloned_interfaces+="lo1"
sysrc ifconfig_lo1="inet 192.0.2.1/24"
sysrc pf_enable="YES"
/etc/pf.conf# Variables
# ext_if should be set to the hosts external NIC
ext_if = "vtnet0"
jail_if = "lo1"
jail_net = $jail_if:network
# NAT allows the jails to access the external network
nat on $ext_if from $jail_net to any -> ($ext_if)
# Redirect traffic on port 80 to the web server jail
# Add similar rules for additional jails
rdr pass on $ext_if inet proto tcp to port 80 -> 192.0.2.10
Reboot to activate the network changes
The best way to use ZFS on a VPS is to attach block storage as a new disk.
If block storage is not available, you can optionally use a file as the ZFS device.
sysrc zfs_enable="YES"
service zfs start
List the available disks. If you are using a VPS, the block store will probably be the second disk.
geom disk list
Create a ZFS pool named jailstore.
zpool create jailstore /dev/vtbd1
Create the ZFS file.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/zfsfile bs=1M count=4096
Create a ZFS pool named jailstore.
zpool create jailstore /zfsfile
pkg install py36-iocage
iocage activate jailstore
iocage fetch
iocage create -n www ip4_addr="lo1|192.0.2.10/24" -r 11.1-RELEASE
iocage start www
iocage console www
Once you have a shell inside the jail, install and start Apache.
pkg install apache24
sysrc apache24_enable="yes"
service apache24 start
Port 80 on the jail will now be accessible on the hosts IP address.
Additional jails can be installed using the example above.
iocage create command , but use a different IP address
Hosted by Dave Morriss on 2020-09-22 is flagged as Explicit and released under a CC-BY-SA license.
Tags: COVID-19,physical isolation,discussion.
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Once again the two HPR hosts based in Edinburgh got together over Mumble to have a chat during the COVID-19 pandemic.
We recorded this conversation in the evening of Sunday 23rd August 2020.
The audio was quite long when we’d finished, so we decided to cut it into two similar-length pieces and the remainder is released as a second episode.
Although a explaining a joke can often destroy it, it’s probably worth saying that the title of this show was derived from the name of a variety of potato, Pentland Squire, and the fact that the two participants were separated by the Pentland Hills in Edinburgh! "Where was the joke?" you ask…
Some of the topics we discussed:
ffprobe.I came up with a way to easily clone a repo living on Github and mirror it, with all the latest commits, on another Git host. You can schedule Ansible to run periodically to ensure your mirror stays updated.
This is Dwayne Lee's improved implementation based on my original script.
Hosted by Ahuka on 2020-09-18 is flagged as Clean and released under a CC-BY-SA license.
Tags: Spanish, Language learning.
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I decided to use my time spent in relative isolation to do something productive and learn another language. I picked Spanish because I am hoping to visit Mexico and other Latin American countries whenever the plague lifts. I decided to document this for anyone who wants to know what options I found and how they have worked for me so far. This is the second part of my tools exploration.
Hosted by Ahuka on 2020-09-17 is flagged as Clean and released under a CC-BY-SA license.
Tags: Spanish, Language learning.
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I decided to use my time spent in relative isolation to do something productive and learn another language. I picked Spanish because I am hoping to visit Mexico and other Latin American countries whenever the plague lifts. I decided to document this for anyone who wants to know what options I found and how they have worked for me so far.
Introduction to Ansible.
Hosted by Dave Morriss on 2020-09-14 is flagged as Explicit and released under a CC-BY-SA license.
Tags: podcast,software,mp3 player,database.
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I have spoken in the past about the podcast management system I have created, but have never gone into much detail about how I manage the playing of episodes.
Prompted by MrX’s HPR episode hpr3132, “Keeping track of where I am” I will describe it now.
Follow this link to read the detailed notes associated with this episode.
Hosted by Ahuka on 2020-09-11 is flagged as Clean and released under a CC-BY-SA license.
Tags: GIMP, images, photos, graphics, transform.
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Series: GIMP | Comments (0)
Transform Tools are where you start to manipulate an image. You can move it around, stretch it, rotate it, crop it, and so on. This is the third of the four groups of tools we will look at for GIMP.
Hosted by Paul Quirk on 2020-09-10 is flagged as Clean and released under a CC-BY-SA license.
Tags: Vivaldi, four seasons, creative commons.
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Series: All Songs Considered | Comments (0)
Antonio Vivaldi composed The Four Seasons ('Le quattro stagioni' in its original Italian) in 1723. It is a set of 4 violin concertos that propose an early form of descriptive music: for example, Winter makes prominent use of pizzicato notes in high registers, whereas Summer evokes a storm in its final movement. The work was first presented as part of Op. 8, being later catalogued as RV 269, 315, 293 & 297. The Four Seasons remain very popular to this day, some of its concertos spawning a great number of derivative works, whereas thousands of recordings of the original pieces have been made. It is still debated if Vivaldi wrote this concertos to accompany four sonnets that may have been written by himself.
From Vivaldi The Four Seasons, Op. 8
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